The University of Miami will investigate the role of temperament on children's school readiness. Specifically, the study has two main objectives: (a) to determine if approaches to learning is the mechanism through which temperament influences Head Start children's school readiness; and (b) to determine if approaches to learning influences school readiness differently for children with different temperament styles. The study will use data on 274 Head Start children as part of a larger project for improving Head Start children's school readiness. For this expansion study, a teacher measure of children?s temperament, the Preschool Temperament Classification System (PTCS), was developed and used to identify children's temperament as undercontrolled, resilient, or undercontrolled. In addition, children's approaches to learning was measured using the Preschool Learning Behaviors Scale, a battery of structured tasks, and the approaches to learning subscale of the Galileo System for Electronic Management of Learning. Children's school readiness was measured using a direct assessment, the school readiness composite of the Bracken Basic Concepts Scale - Revised, as well as teacher reports using the language and emergent literacy, early math, and nature and science subscales of the Galileo. Results of the study are expected to establish a better understanding of the effect of temperament on Head Start children's learning and development, as well as a better understanding of children's approaches to learning.