WestEd researchers studied Cognitive ToyBox (CTB), a novel approach for early childhood assessment that combines observation and game-based data for instructional support. Researchers found that an observation-only approach to assessment can be burdensome, subjective, and difficult to calibrate across different classrooms. Moreover, the lack of standardization makes it difficult for programs to find ways to improve. In contrast, a hybrid observation and game-based approach can turn assessment data into actionable insights, enabling teachers to move from assessment for compliance to assessment for continuous improvement. Through CTB’s reports and dashboard, early childhood educators can customize assessments based on their instructional plan, review standardized data in real-time, and follow recommendations for instructional adjustments and individualized support. Student support will be strengthened at the earliest years, improving their academic trajectories. (author abstract)