Currently, it is unclear whether these family characteristics uniformly diminish engagement and outcomes or if certain FSPs more effectively engage some subpopulations. Given the presence of multiple FSPs in many communities, it is also important to characterize how subpopulations are currently matched to available FSPs. However, the decision-making process HS/EHS and other providers follow when referring families is unknown. This proposal seeks to examine these issues through two aims. In the first aim, “what works for whom” will be tested by comparing how a range of family characteristics predict engagement and outcomes for over 13,000 families across five family support programs (FSPs): Family Resource Center Family Development Services, Colorado Community Response, SafeCare, Promoting Safe and Stable Families, and one Head Start site with robust integrated family support services. This aim will investigate whether participant characteristics predict drop-out and family development outcomes differentially across FSPs. Family development outcomes will be examined using pre- and post-measures of self-sufficiency, mental health, debt management, child education, child care access, family functioning, social support, concrete support, nurturing and attachment, and child development knowledge. Findings may serve to optimize referral matching between participants and programs and identify areas where program adaptations are needed to more equitably engage diverse families. In the second aim, the schema HS/EHS and other providers follow to match participants to available programs will be characterized.