Description:
Recent scholarship suggests welfare state interventions, as measured by policy indices, create gendered trade-offs wherein reduced work-family conflict corresponds to greater gender wage inequality. The authors reconsider these trade-offs by unpacking these indices and examining specific policy relationships with motherhood-based wage inequality to consider how different policies have different effects. Using original policy data and Luxembourg Income Study microdata, multilevel models across 22 countries examine the relationships among country-level family policies, tax policies, and the motherhood wage penalty. The authors find policies that maintain maternal labor market attachment through moderate-length leaves, publicly funded childcare, lower marginal tax rates on second earners, and paternity leave are correlated with smaller motherhood wage penalties. (author abstract)
Resource Type:
Reports & Papers
Country:
United States;
Slovakia;
Sweden;
Russia;
Poland;
Netherlands;
Luxembourg;
Italy;
Israel;
Ireland;
Hungary;
United Kingdom;
France;
Finland;
Spain;
Germany;
Czechia;
Canada;
Belgium;
Australia;
Austria