In March 2014, Miller Research Ltd was commissioned by the Welsh Government to undertake a Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA) to explore the experiences of parents/carers who work atypical hours, or who need additional support for children with disabilities in relation to their use of childcare provision. The REA had five specific aims: a) To identify and provide a detailed description of the main types of parents / carers who work atypical hours. b) To capture and detail the childcare issues encountered by those parents / carers identified in a). c) To examine and report on the barriers; (legislative or organisational) relevant to the provision of childcare, that are typically faced by those parents / carers identified in a). d) To capture and detail the childcare issues encountered by those parents / carers who need additional support for children with disabilities in relation to their use of childcare provision. e) To examine and report on the barriers; (legislative or organisational) relevant to the provision of childcare, that are typically faced by those parents / carers identified in d). The review synthesises evidence from 15 studies published by academic, government and organisation/charity sources. (author abstract)