Our essay is laid out as follows. In section I, we review relevant pathways, with a focus on child- and parent-based pathways, through which preschool has the potential to prevent crime and behavior problems. In section II, we review interventions targeting both child-based and parent-based pathways. In section III, we discuss several cross-cutting issues, including structural characteristics, cost-effectiveness, and issues of quality and implementation at scale, that are relevant across multiple intervention strategies in prevention science in preschool. In section IV, we end with a discussion of the findings and suggestions for future directions. (author abstract)