A report on two longitudinal analyses of data from the National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (NICHD SECCYD). The first analysis compares different groups of non-parental caregivers' child-rearing beliefs, or their own conceptions about the nature and goals of their work; the second analysis, using findings from the first, compares the effects of parental and non-parental childcare on children's development by evaluating links between child-rearing beliefs, caregiving practices and the social-emotional and language-competency outcomes for children at 3 years old