This report presents data on the early care and education arrangements and selected family activities of children in the United States from birth through the age of 5 who were not yet enrolled in kindergarten by 2016. The report also presents data on parents' ratings of factors that affected their choice of child care arrangements and on their participation in various learning activities with their children. For each category of information included in the report, the results are reported by child, parent, and family characteristics. (author abstract)