The current report is designed to explore the impact of these two programs (Making Pre-K Count and High 5s) on children's math skills, language skills, executive function, and attitudes toward math at the end of kindergarten (see Chapter 3 for more information on the child outcome measures). Although at the end of pre-K, the study found no effects of the program on children's math skills, strong positive impacts of the program were found at the end of kindergarten for students who were offered two years of enhanced math experiences via both Making Pre-K Count and High 5s. This report describes these end-of-kindergarten findings and then explores the potential reasons for the positive findings, specifically the amount of math already being conducted and the sensitivity of the measures used for assessing math. As shown in Figure 1.1, analyses examine the effects at the end of kindergarten of three different comparisons: - Making Pre-K Count in pre-K compared with no math enrichment (that is, the effect of one year of math enrichment in pre-K) - Making Pre-K Count plus the High 5s kindergarten supplement compared with Making Pre-K Count only (that is, the effect of adding an additional year of supplemental math enrichment in kindergarten) - Making Pre-K Count plus the High 5s kindergarten supplement compared with no math enrichment (that is, the effect of two years of math enrichment in pre-K and kindergarten) (author abstract)