In this chapter, we begin with an overview of the ESP, including step-by-step directions on how to complete this multistage assessment, and provide responses to frequently asked questions regarding logistical considerations. Next, we synthesize the supporting research conducted with the ESP, including studies (1) examining the reliability and validity of this screening tool as well as (2) demonstrating how to use the ESP to identify students who might require secondary (Tier 2) or tertiary (Tier 3) supports. Then we provide a balanced discussion of the strengths and challenges associated with preparation, administration, scoring, and interpretation. We conclude this chapter with two illustrations. The first explains how to monitor the overall level of risk and then use that information to provide individual supports in a large preschool setting. The second illustration demonstrates how to use the data from the screening tool in a three-tiered model of support in an elementary school kindergarten program to identify students for a manualized tertiary support, First Step to Success (Walker et al., 1997). (author abstract)