This report aims to provide a starting point for a more comprehensive, nuanced dialogue around core policy goals in early childhood and the best strategies to accomplish those goals. It examines 10 of the best-known, widely cited programs of the last half century--Abbott Preschool, Abecedarian, Boston Pre-K, Chicago Child-Parent Centers, Georgia Pre-K, Head Start, Nurse-Family Partnership, Oklahoma Pre-K, Perry Preschool, and Tennessee Voluntary Pre-K--and the research on those programs. (author abstract)