This program evaluation focused on the two largest early childhood programs in New Mexico, including an assessment of their impact on educational outcomes of low-income children. The child care assistance program administered by the Children, Youth and Families Department (CYFD) annually serves about 20 thousand children up to age 13 at a cost of $95 million in child care assistance. The federally administered Head Start program serves roughly eight thousand children at a cost of $61 million, with $43 million focused on preschool services for 6,500 children. Through these two programs and PreK, New Mexico has made extraordinary efforts to close the "opportunity gap" for children in poverty by providing access to preschool. In FY12, these three programs spent around $100 million to serve 13 thousand four-year-olds, or 60-70 percent of low-income children. For FY14, appropriations for PreK will fund an additional 4,000 students; an 85 percent increase since FY12. Unfortunately, neither child care nor Head Start is producing better academic outcomes. Rather than continuing with this fragmented system, the state should create an integrated PreK program, applying the same program standards across all publicly-funded early education initiatives. (author abstract)