Based on the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study Year-5 wave, 1,983 children were identified as Head Start eligible children (503 Head Start enrolled children, 1,435 Head Start eligible nonparticipant) to address: (1) How do child and family characteristics differ between Head Start participants and non-participants? (2) How do Head Start-eligible non-participant children utilize other types of care (pre-K, other center care, informal care, and exclusive parental care)? Research Findings: The logistic regression results indicate that Head Start-eligible nonparticipants tend to be the first-born child, born to mothers with low educational attainment and unmarried (single, cohabitating) families, living in deep poverty, and to have a higher number of siblings than those who participated in Head Start. A multinomial regression identified differences pertaining to childcare arrangements as it relates to race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and family structure. (author abstract)