Drawing on analysis of data from the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2011-15 American Community Survey (ACS) and the 2000 decennial census, this report builds a portrait of the DLL population nationwide before delving into an exploration of diversity within it and at the state and local level. In doing so, the report sheds light on the demographic reality and related challenges that service providers encounter when serving the nation’s youngest learners. (author abstract)