In summer 2020, the American Enterprise Institute launched a longitudinal survey to better understand the changing dynamics of American families during this difficult time and assess federal efforts to mitigate hardship and support caretaking. After the first wave of data collection in July 2020, we contacted respondents again in February 2021 to complete a second wave. This report summarizes results from the 1,566 parents who completed both surveys, offering a unique picture of the changes American families experienced as the pandemic progressed. (author abstract)