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Produced by Research Connections
Peer Reviewed Journal
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topic:subsidy-use;
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Pub Year:2010 [remove];
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Result | Resource Type |
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Rural-urban differences in childcare subsidy use and employment stability An analysis of the dynamics of program participation and employment stability for rural and urban families in Oregon's child care subsidy program, from an analysis of state adminstrative data from 27,628 single-parent families who entered between October 1998 and September 2000 |
Reports & Papers
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Making employment work for low wage families: Oregon's employment-related child care subsidy program A summary of a study of Oregon child care subsidy recipients' work and subsidy experiences and child care costs, based on interviews with 24 subsidy recipients |
Fact Sheets & Briefs
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Effects of reducing child care subsidy copayments in Washington State: Final report A study of the impact on subsidy duration, employment, and income of reduced child care subsidy copayments, based on 5,106 Washington State child care subsidy applicants randomly assigned to standard or reduced copayment schedules |
Reports & Papers
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Effects of reducing child care subsidy copayments in Washington State: Final report [Executive summary] A summary of a study of the impact on subsidy duration, employment, and income of reduced child care subsidy copayments, based on 5,106 Washington State child care subsidy applicants randomly assigned to standard or reduced copayment schedules |
Executive Summary
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Evaluation of Child Care Subsidy Strategies: Illinois Site Public Use Files, 2005-2006 The Evaluation of Child Care Subsidy Strategies is a multi-site, multi-year effort to determine whether and how different child care subsidy policies and procedures and quality improvement efforts help low-income parents obtain and hold onto jobs and improve outcomes for children. Funding from the Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF) administered by the Office of Child Care are divided into two purposes. The vast majority are aimed at assisting children of low-income working parents whose eligibility is determined by states within broad federal guidelines, while a much smaller portion (4%) work with state matching funds to improve the quality of child care for all children. For this studies series, four experiments were conducted, two test alternative subsidy policies for low-income families and two test approaches to the use of set-aside funds for improving child care quality for all children. The four study sites and focus of evaluation include: (1) effectiveness of three language and literacy curricula on teaching practices and children's language and literacy outcomes (Miami Dade County, Florida); (2) impact of alternative eligibility and re-determination child care subsidy policies on parental employment outcomes (Illinois); (3) impact of alternative child care co-payment structures on use of child care subsidies and employment outcomes (Washington) and (4) effectiveness of training on Learning Games curriculum in changing care-giving practices in family child care homes and children's developmental outcomes (Massachusetts). The Illinois site of the Evaluation of Child Care Subsidy Strategies was designed to test the impact of increased income eligibility and extended redetermination period on various child care and economic outcomes (such as type of care used, stability of child care arrangements, earnings, employment, etc.). Under the state's 2005 program rules, a family was eligible for subsidies if their income was below 50 percent of state median income (SMI) for their family size, and this eligibility was redetermined for most families every 6 months. In the evaluation, income eligibility was extended to 50 to 65 percent of state median income, and the redetermination period was extended from 6 to 12 months. To isolate the impact of each programmatic change, families who qualified for the study were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) a control group, (2) a 6-month redetermination program group, or (3) a 12-month redetermination program group. Families in the control group received no enhanced access to subsidies; families in the 6-month program group were eligible for subsidies as long as their income remained below 65 percent of SMI and had to reapply for subsidies every 6 months; and families in the 12-month redetermination program group were eligible for subsidies with income up to 65 percent of SMI and had to reapply for subsidies every 12 months. In the follow-up survey, respondents were asked a series of questions about the following topics: Child Care Arrangements; Child Care Reliability and Flexibility, Satisfaction with the Care, and Costs; Employment; Major Life Events; and Income. |
Data Sets
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Evaluation of Child Care Subsidy Strategies: Washington Site Public Use Files, 2005 The Evaluation of Child Care Subsidy Strategies is a multi-site, multi-year effort to determine whether and how different child care subsidy policies and procedures and quality improvement efforts help low-income parents obtain and hold onto jobs and improve outcomes for children. Funding from the Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF) administered by the Office of Child Care are divided into two purposes. The vast majority are aimed at assisting children of low-income working parents whose eligibility is determined by states within broad federal guidelines, while a much smaller portion (4%) work with state matching funds to improve the quality of child care for all children. For this studies series, four experiments were conducted, two test alternative subsidy policies for low-income families and two test approaches to the use of set-aside funds for improving child care quality for all children. The four study sites and focus of evaluation include: (1) effectiveness of three language and literacy curricula on teaching practices and children's language and literacy outcomes (Miami Dade County, Florida); (2) impact of alternative eligibility and re-determination child care subsidy policies on parental employment outcomes (Illinois); (3) impact of alternative child care co-payment structures on use of child care subsidies and employment outcomes (Washington) and (4) effectiveness of training on Learning Games curriculum in changing care-giving practices in family child care homes and children's developmental outcomes (Massachusetts). The Washington evaluation was designed to test the impact of changing parental copayment levels on various child care and economic outcomes (such as type of care used, earnings, employment, etc). The copayment amount refers to the amount that families who are receiving child care subsidies contribute to the cost of child care, while the copayment schedule refers to the amount or the rate at which the copayment changes as income increases or decreases. In all states, the copayment amount is larger for families with higher incomes. In Washington in 2005, a three-person family receiving child care subsidies paid 3 percent of the cost of child care if their income was 33 percent of the federal poverty threshold, but 16 percent of the cost of care if their income was 200 percent of the threshold. In the Washington child care subsidy program, families were divided into three income tiers. Families in Tier 1 had incomes at or below 82 percent of the federal poverty threshold, families in Tier 2 had incomes between 83 and 137.5 percent of the threshold, and families in Tier 3 had incomes between 137.5 and 200 percent of the threshold. Under the standard copayment schedule used by Washington in 2005, child care subsidy recipients in Tier 1 paid $15 per month, while recipients in Tier 2 paid $50 per month. Families in Tier 3 faced a sliding copayment schedule, with the copayment increasing by 44 cents for each additional dollar of income beyond 137.5 percent of the poverty threshold. In the evaluation, study participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: (1) a control group assigned to the standard copayment schedule, and (2) a program group assigned to an alternative copayment schedule, which had copayment amounts that were equal to or lower than standard copayment schedule amounts. |
Data Sets
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Determinants of Subsidy Stability and Continuity of Child Care in Illinois and New York Determinants of Subsidy Stability and Continuity of Child Care in Illinois and New York is a research partnership that joins child care researchers at the University of Chicago and the Urban Institute with Illinois and New York state child care administrators and local administrators of subsidies in four regions (two per state). The primary aim of the partnership is to develop an empirically-informed and practically-relevant knowledgebase regarding important determinants of subsidy stability and child care continuity and the linkages between the two. By targeting our study on four regions in two states and analyzing quantitative and qualitative information on parent perceptions and experiences together with administrative program records, our empirical strategy aims to strengthen our understanding of the patterns of subsidy and child care stability over time. In particular, it will allow us to examine how subsidy program characteristics and employment circumstances may operate to encourage or discourage subsidy receipt and subsidy stability; and in turn, how subsidy receipt and stability contribute to child care arrangement continuity. Research questions include: (1) What are the different patterns of subsidy use and stability over time, what are the characteristics of families who demonstrate different subsidy patterns, and how does subsidy use vary with other public program use and with employment patterns; (2) To what extent do subsidy program characteristics and parental work circumstances influence subsidy use and stability and do parental work circumstances moderate the effects of subsidy program characteristics on subsidy use and stability; (3) How stable are child care arrangements for subsidy-receiving families both during a subsidy spell and over time, what are the characteristics of families who have unstable child care arrangements during a subsidy spell and/or over time, what are the characteristics of their child care arrangements, and what is the relationship between subsidy stability and child care arrangement stability; (4) To what extent do subsidy program characteristics and parental work circumstances directly influence the stability of child care arrangements, and are these influences mediated by patterns of subsidy use; (5) What challenges to subsidy stability and child care stability do parents perceive to be most difficult, are there subsidy program characteristics that parents perceive as promoting or hindering subsidy stability, child care options, and child care arrangement stability, how do parents perceive the directionality of influence between subsidy stability and child care arrangement stability; and (6) What challenges to subsidy stability and child care stability are particularly salient for parents with non-traditional jobs and/or nonstandard work schedules, TANF families, immigrant families/non-English speaking parents, families with multiple children and school-aged children needing care, and what are the strategies for obtaining stability that these parents develop in their efforts to deal with the challenges they identify |
Administration for Children and Families/OPRE Projects
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The effect of child care subsidies for moderate-income families in Cook County, Illinois: Final report [Executive summary] A summary of a study of the impact on employment, earnings, and child care outcomes of expanding child care subsidy eligibility to moderate-income families and of extending the subsidy eligibility redetermination period from six months to a year, based on 1,884 Cook County, Illinois, child care subsidy applicants with incomes exceeding the state's eligibility limit who were randomly assigned to standard or expanded eligibility and, if assigned to expanded eligibility, to standard or extended redetermination |
Executive Summary
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The effect of child care subsidies for moderate-income families in Cook County, Illinois: Final report A study of the impact on employment, earnings, and child care outcomes of expanding child care subsidy eligibility to moderate-income families and of extending the subsidy eligibility redetermination period from six months to a year, based on 1,884 Cook County, Illinois, child care subsidy applicants with incomes exceeding the state's eligibility limit who were randomly assigned to standard or expanded eligibility and, if assigned to expanded eligibility, to standard or extended redetermination |
Reports & Papers
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Child care subsidies and child development A study of the relationship between child care subsidies in the year prior to kindergarten and cognitive, behavioral, physical, and psychomotor outcomes at kindergarten entry and at the end of the kindergarten year from a secondary analysis of data on 21,260 children attending kindergarten in the fall of 1998 |
Reports & Papers
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The labor supply effects of child care costs and wages in the presence of subsidies and the earned income tax credit A study of the associations between employment decisions, hourly wages, hourly child care expenditures, and family background characteristics of single mothers, the use of Child Care Development Funds subsidies, and the use of Earned Income Tax Credit, based on a secondary analysis from 1991 through 2005 waves of the March Current Population Survey (CPS) and the Survey of Income Program Participation (SIPP) |
Reports & Papers
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Price of high-quality daycare and female employment A study of the relationship between price of high quality publicly subsidized child care and female employment following maternity leave, based on Statistics Denmark data as well as 2001 municipality information |
Reports & Papers
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Child care subsidies post TANF: Child care subsidy use by African American, White and Hispanic TANF-leavers A comparison of the child care subsidy use of 658 African American, White, and Hispanic former recipients of Temporary Aid to Needy Families (TANF) from the greater Philadelphia area, based on data from a 2005 automated telephone survey |
Reports & Papers
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More government preschool: An expensive and unnecessary middle-class subsidy Arguments against the expansion of federally funded prekindergarten programs, with a focus on the impact of such an expansion on the middle-class |
Fact Sheets & Briefs
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Child care: Multiple factors could have contributed to the recent decline in the number of children whose families receive subsidies A summary of an inquiry into factors that influence the number of children whose families receive subsidies, based on a survey of state child care administrators from all 50 states and the District of Columbia |
Fact Sheets & Briefs
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Understanding and Strengthening Low-Income Parent-Child Care Provider Partnerships This project is funded by a Child Care Research Scholars grant and consists of the first author's dissertation work. Although research and theory suggest that strong parent-child care provider partnerships are important for their potential to promote successful child outcomes and aid parents in balancing work and family life, little is known about how parents and providers understand or create partnerships. This study used a qualitative approach to address this gap in the literature by examining the relationships that parents and center-based child care providers form and how these relationships can provide parents with support in their efforts to maintain stable employment and navigate the child care subsidy system. Participant observations and in-depth interviews were conducted during a year of field work at two privately owned child care centers. A strategically selected sample allowed for comparisons between the experiences of working-class/poor parents and middle-class parents. Research questions include: (1) How do parents and center-based child care providers understand and create parent-provider partnerships? Specifically, what strategies do they employ to create partnerships and what barriers do they encounter?; and (2) How do parent-provider partnerships help low-income parents maintain stable employment and navigate the subsidy system? |
Administration for Children and Families/OPRE Projects
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Child care: Multiple factors could have contributed to the recent decline in the number of children whose families receive subsidies An inquiry into factors that influence the number of children whose families receive subsidies, based on a survey of state child care administrators from all 50 states and the District of Columbia |
Reports & Papers
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The impact of child care subsidies on child well-being: Evidence from geographic variation in the distance to social service agencies A study of the short- and long-term impact of child care subsidy receipt in the year before kindergarten entry on children’s cognitive, behavioral, and psychomotor outcomes, based on data from the Kindergarten cohort of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS-K) |
Reports & Papers
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The impact of child care subsidies on child well-being: Evidence from geographic variation in the distance to social service agencies A study of the short- and long-term impact of child care subsidy receipt in the year before kindergarten entry on children’s cognitive, behavioral, and psychomotor outcomes, based on data from the Kindergarten cohort of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS-K) |
Reports & Papers
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Distance matters: Proximity to social service agencies and the utilization of child care subsidies An examination of the correlation between families' proximity to social service agencies and their likelihood to receive child care subsidies, based on data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K) |
Reports & Papers
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Adopting 12-month subsidy eligibility: Impacts on children, families, and state child care programs An examination of the implications for children, families, and state child care programs of states increasing families' eligibility for child care subsidies to 12 months |
Fact Sheets & Briefs
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Mending the patchwork: A report examining county-by-county inequities in child care subsidy administration in New York State An inquiry into the effects of county-level variations in eligibility and payment rules on parents’ and providers’ receipt of child care subsidies, based on an analysis of the administration of child care subsidy programs in the 58 social services districts of New York State from 2007 to 2009 |
Reports & Papers
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Virginia's local social service agencies: Child care quality, improvement, subsidy data, and what would be most useful in an early childhood data system Findings from a survey of local social services agencies in Virginia on their use of Child Care and Development Fund quality improvement funds, the types of child care quality data they collect, and their preferences regarding an early childhood data system |
Fact Sheets & Briefs
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The business of caring: Women's self-employment and the marketization of care A qualitative study of the working conditions, pay, and levels of satisfaction of care workers who are self-employed, based on interviews with 20 female domestic cleaners or child care providers in a large city in Alberta in the summer of 2004 |
Reports & Papers
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Experiences with child care subsidy application and recertification in New York City A summary of a study of parents' experiences with child care subsidy application and recertification, the characteristics of parents who reported problems with application and recertification, and the relationship of problems to subsidy stability, based on a survey of approximately 2,000 families who received child care subsidies in February 2008 in New York City and administrative data linked to survey respondents |
Fact Sheets & Briefs
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