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Early Head Start relationships: Association with program outcomes
Elicker, James, May, 2013
Early Education and Development, 24(4), 491-516

Research Findings: Interpersonal relationships among staff caregivers, parents, and children have been recommended as essential aspects of early childhood intervention. This study explored the associations of these relationships with program outcomes for children and parents in 3 Early Head Start programs. A total of 71 children (8-35 months, M=20), their parents, and 33 program caregivers participated. The results showed that caregiver-child relationships were moderately positive, secure, and interactive and improved in quality over 6 months, whereas caregiver-parent relationships were generally positive and temporally stable. Caregiver-child relationships were more positive for girls, younger children, and those in home-visiting programs. Caregiver-parent relationships were more positive when parents had higher education levels and when staff had more years of experience, had more positive work environments, or had attained a Child Development Associate credential or associate's level of education rather than a 4-year academic degree. Hierarchical linear modeling analysis suggested that the quality of the caregiver-parent relationship was a stronger predictor of both child and parent outcomes than was the quality of the caregiver-child relationship. There were also moderation effects: Stronger associations of caregiver-parent relationships with observed positive parenting were seen in parents with lower education levels and when program caregivers had higher levels of education. Practice or Policy: The results support the importance of caregiver-family relationships in early intervention programs and suggest that staff need to be prepared to build relationships with children and families in individualized ways. Limitations of this study and implications for program improvements and future research are discussed. (author abstract)

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Estimates of child care eligibility and receipt for fiscal year 2009
United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, December, 2012
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation.

An examination of children's eligibility for and receipt of federal child care subsidies under federal parameters and state-defined rules

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Trends in family child care home licensing requirements and policies for 2011
National Center on Child Care Quality Improvement, April, 2013
(Research Brief No. 2). Fairfax, VA: National Center on Child Care Quality Improvement

An analysis of state family child care home licensing requirements and policies, including those related to staffing, group size, health and nutrition, inspections, monitoring, and enforcement, based on a survey of state child care licensing agencies and a compilation of state licensing requirements

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Trends in child care center licensing regulations and policies for 2011
National Center on Child Care Quality Improvement, April, 2013
(Research Brief No. 1). Fairfax, VA: National Center on Child Care Quality Improvement

An analysis of state child care center licensing requirements and policies, including those related to staffing, child-adult ratios, health and nutrition, inspections, monitoring, and enforcement, based on a survey of state child care licensing agencies and a compilation of state licensing requirements

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Championing success: Business organizations for early childhood investments
ReadyNation, 2013
Washington, DC: ReadyNation.

A study of the early childhood policy and advocacy efforts of formal business membership organizations, based on survey responses from 104 local chambers of commerce and from 121 state business roundtables, state chambers of commerce, and city chambers of commerce

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The state of preschool 2012: State preschool yearbook
Barnett, W. Steven, 2012
New Brunswick, NJ: National Institute for Early Education Research.

An annual review of access to, quality standards in, and resources devoted to state-funded preschool programs for 3- and 4-year-old children in all 50 states and the District of Columbia during the 2011-2012 program year, based on a survey of administrators of state-funded preschool programs

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We can do better: Child Care Aware of America's ranking of state child care center regulations and oversight: 2013 update
Child Care Aware of America, 2013
Arlington, VA: Child Care Aware of America.

A review of program requirements and oversight in state child care center licensing regulations, based on an analysis of state child care licensing regulations and a survey of child care licensing directors in each state, the District of Columbia, and at the United States Department of Defense

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Research Connections is supported by grant #90YE0104 from the Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation, Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The contents are solely the responsibility of the National Center for Children in Poverty and the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation, the Administration for Children and Families, or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

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