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Africa's future, Africa's challenge: Early childhood care and development in Sub-Saharan Africa
Garcia, Marito, 2008
(Directions in Development: Human Development 42700). Washington, DC: World Bank.

An inquiry into the state of early childhood education and care in Sub-Saharan Africa, including information on program development and evaluations, service delivery, public policy initiatives, and a presentation of challenges in the future of early childhood services in the region

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Brain development and ECD: A case for investment
Young, Mary Eming, 2008
In M. Garcia, A. Pence, & J. L. Evans (Eds.), Africa's future, Africa's challenge: Early childhood care and development in Sub-Saharan Africa (Directions in Development: Human Development 42700, pp. 71-91). Washington, DC: World Bank.

An argument for the increased investment in early childhood development (ECD) and the expansion of education and care services in Sub-Saharan Africa, based on the premise that healthy brain development helps children achieve their full potential

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Can early childhood programs be financially sustainable in Africa?
Jaramillo, Adriana, 2008
In M. Garcia, A. Pence, & J. L. Evans (Eds.), Africa's future, Africa's challenge: Early childhood care and development in Sub-Saharan Africa (Directions in Development: Human Development 42700, pp. 459-485). Washington, DC: World Bank.

An inquiry into the financial sustainability of early education programs in Africa, and a comparison of costs and benefits between preschool and primary school services

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Community-based approaches that work in Eastern and Southern Africa
Lucas, Jane E., 2008
In M. Garcia, A. Pence, & J. L. Evans (Eds.), Africa's future, Africa's challenge: Early childhood care and development in Sub-Saharan Africa (Directions in Development: Human Development 42700, pp. 427-456). Washington, DC: World Bank.

An examination of both home-based and community-based interventions to counter the influence of malnutrition on children’s development in select regions of Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda, using the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy

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Early childhood care and education in Sub-Saharan Africa: What would it take to meet the Millenium Development Goals?
Jaramillo, Adriana, 2008
In M. Garcia, A. Pence, & J. L. Evans (Eds.), Africa's future, Africa's challenge: Early childhood care and development in Sub-Saharan Africa (Directions in Development: Human Development 42700, pp. 51-70). Washington, DC: World Bank.

An inquiry into the feasibility of the Sub-Saharan African countries to meet the first four Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) pertaining to the education and well-being of young children, with a focus on improving children’s access to preschool education and health status

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ECD and HIV/AIDS: The newest policy and programming challenge
Engle, Patrice L., 2008
In M. Garcia, A. Pence, & J. L. Evans (Eds.), Africa's future, Africa's challenge: Early childhood care and development in Sub-Saharan Africa (Directions in Development: Human Development 42700, pp. 285-315). Washington, DC: World Bank.

A discussion of obstacles to the provision of early childhood development (ECD) programs for children infected with HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa, including a description of current services and policies regarding HIV/AIDS and early childhood education

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ECD in Africa: A historical perspective
Prochner, Larry, 2008
In M. Garcia, A. Pence, & J. L. Evans (Eds.), Africa's future, Africa's challenge: Early childhood care and development in Sub-Saharan Africa (Directions in Development: Human Development 42700, pp. 117-133). Washington, DC: World Bank.

An examination of the history of early childhood development (ECD)-related programs in Africa, with a focus on formal programs in those parts of Africa colonized by Britain

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ECD Policy: A comparative analysis in Ghana, Mauritius, and Namibia
Boakye, J.K.A., 2008
In M. Garcia, A. Pence, & J. L. Evans (Eds.), Africa's future, Africa's challenge: Early childhood care and development in Sub-Saharan Africa (Directions in Development: Human Development 42700, pp. 169-186). Washington, DC: World Bank.

A discussion of the sociopolitical climate surrounding the adaptation of early childhood development (ECD) policies in Ghana, Mauritius, and Namibia

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The effect of early childhood development programs on women's labor force participation and older children's schooling in Kenya
Lokshin, Michael M., 2000
(Policy Research Working Paper No. 2376). Washington, DC: World Bank.

An investigation into the influence of government child care subsidies on mother’s employment and older siblings’ school enrollment in Kenya

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Fathering: The role of men in raising children in Africa - Holding up the other half of the sky
Richter, Linda M., 2008
In M. Garcia, A. Pence, & J. L. Evans (Eds.), Africa's future, Africa's challenge: Early childhood care and development in Sub-Saharan Africa (Directions in Development: Human Development 42700, pp. 151-166). Washington, DC: World Bank.

A discussion of the social function of fatherhood in African societies, including an exploration of the benefits of increased paternal involvement to children’s development and well-being

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The impact of ECD programs and older children's school attendance in Kenya
Lokshin, Michael M., 2008
In M. Garcia, A. Pence, & J. L. Evans (Eds.), Africa's future, Africa's challenge: Early childhood care and development in Sub-Saharan Africa (Directions in Development: Human Development 42700, pp. 371-387). Washington, DC: World Bank.

An exploration of the relationship between families' access to early childhood development (ECD) programs, maternal employment, and older children’s school attendance in Kenya

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Inclusive education: A Mauritian response to the "Inherent Rights of the Child"
Chung, Gilberte Chung Kim, 2008
In M. Garcia, A. Pence, & J. L. Evans (Eds.), Africa's future, Africa's challenge: Early childhood care and development in Sub-Saharan Africa (Directions in Development: Human Development 42700, pp. 249-264). Washington, DC: World Bank.

Findings from a case study on the development of universal inclusive educational settings for children with special needs in Mauritius

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Introducing preprimary classes in Africa: Opportunities and challenges
Biersteker, Linda, 2008
In M. Garcia, A. Pence, & J. L. Evans (Eds.), Africa's future, Africa's challenge: Early childhood care and development in Sub-Saharan Africa (Directions in Development: Human Development 42700, pp. 227-248). Washington, DC: World Bank.

An account of the experiences of South Africa, Kenya, Zimbabwe, and Lesotho during the implementation of early education and teacher training programs in their educational systems

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Introduction
Pence, Alan R., 2008
In M. Garcia, A. Pence, & J. L. Evans (Eds.), Africa's future, Africa's challenge: Early childhood care and development in Sub-Saharan Africa (Directions in Development: Human Development 42700, pp. 1-8). Washington, DC: World Bank.

A brief discussion of evolution of early childhood services and the corresponding public policy agenda in Sub-Saharan Africa

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Linking policy discourse to everyday life in Kenya: Impacts of neoliberal policies on early education and childrearing
Swadener, Elizabeth Blue, 2008
In M. Garcia, A. Pence, & J. L. Evans (Eds.), Africa's future, Africa's challenge: Early childhood care and development in Sub-Saharan Africa (Directions in Development: Human Development 42700, pp. 407-426). Washington, DC: World Bank.

A discussion of the influence of local and international economic, cultural and social policies towards the rebuilding of Kenya’s infrastructure, as well as policies of lending institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank, on children on families’ everyday lives

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Madrasa Early Childhood Development Program: Making a difference
Mwaura, Peter A.M., 2008
In M. Garcia, A. Pence, & J. L. Evans (Eds.), Africa's future, Africa's challenge: Early childhood care and development in Sub-Saharan Africa (Directions in Development: Human Development 42700, pp. 389-405). Washington, DC: World Bank.

A description of the Madrasa Early Child Development Program in Kenya, a comprehensive program to deliver early childhood services to Muslim children to better prepare them for school

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(Mis)Understanding ECD in Africa: The force of local and global motives
Nsamenang, A. Bame, 2008
In M. Garcia, A. Pence, & J. L. Evans (Eds.), Africa's future, Africa's challenge: Early childhood care and development in Sub-Saharan Africa (Directions in Development: Human Development 42700, pp. 135-149). Washington, DC: World Bank.

An exploration of the relevance of global perspectives on early childhood development (ECD) to the design and implementation of early learning programs in Africa

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New threats to early childhood development: Children affected by HIV/AIDS
Fonseca, Jodie, 2008
In M. Garcia, A. Pence, & J. L. Evans (Eds.), Africa's future, Africa's challenge: Early childhood care and development in Sub-Saharan Africa (Directions in Development: Human Development 42700, pp. 93-113). Washington, DC: World Bank.

A discussion of the influence of the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa on children’s family supports and development

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Parenting challenges for the changing African family
Evans, Judith, 2008
In M. Garcia, A. Pence, & J. L. Evans (Eds.), Africa's future, Africa's challenge: Early childhood care and development in Sub-Saharan Africa (Directions in Development: Human Development 42700, pp. 265-284). Washington, DC: World Bank.

A description of the social and global forces affecting the strength and structure of families in Africa, and a proposal of strategies to help protect families and support the continent’s youngest children

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Participatory ECD policy planning in Francophone West Africa
Vargas-Barón, Emily, 2008
In M. Garcia, A. Pence, & J. L. Evans (Eds.), Africa's future, Africa's challenge: Early childhood care and development in Sub-Saharan Africa (Directions in Development: Human Development 42700, pp. 187-198). Washington, DC: World Bank.

A description of a collaborative effort to develop policies for the provision of early childhood education and care services in the African countries of Burkina Faso, Mauritania, and Senegal

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Positioning ECD nationally: Trends in selected African countries
Aidoo, Agnes Akosua, 2008
In M. Garcia, A. Pence, & J. L. Evans (Eds.), Africa's future, Africa's challenge: Early childhood care and development in Sub-Saharan Africa (Directions in Development: Human Development 42700, pp. 29-49). Washington, DC: World Bank.

A compendium of early childhood development (ECD) policy in the countries of Sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on policies regarding economic development and children’s health and well-being

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Responding to the challenge of meeting the needs of children under 3 in Africa
Marfo, Kofi, 2008
In M. Garcia, A. Pence, & J. L. Evans (Eds.), Africa's future, Africa's challenge: Early childhood care and development in Sub-Saharan Africa (Directions in Development: Human Development 42700, pp. 201-225). Washington, DC: World Bank.

A presentation of a framework for the development and delivery of early education and care services for children aged birth through 3, with a focus on policy initiatives in South Africa, Gambia, and Kenya

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The state of young children in Sub-Saharan Africa
Garcia, Marito, 2008
In M. Garcia, A. Pence, & J. L. Evans (Eds.), Africa's future, Africa's challenge: Early childhood care and development in Sub-Saharan Africa (Directions in Development: Human Development 42700, pp. 11-28). Washington, DC: World Bank.

A description of the well-being of children across Sub-Saharan Africa, including a comparison of poverty rates, mortality rates, and preschool enrollment figures between Sub-Saharan Africa and other regions of the world

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Strategic communication in early childhood development programs: The case of Uganda
Cabanero-Verzosa, Cecilia, 2008
In M. Garcia, A. Pence, & J. L. Evans (Eds.), Africa's future, Africa's challenge: Early childhood care and development in Sub-Saharan Africa (Directions in Development: Human Development 42700, pp. 331-351). Washington, DC: World Bank.

A discussion of the role of strategic communication in the development and implementation of early childhood programs in Uganda

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Supporting young children in conflict and postconflict situations: Child protection and psychosocial well-being in Angola
Wessells, Michael, 2008
In M. Garcia, A. Pence, & J. L. Evans (Eds.), Africa's future, Africa's challenge: Early childhood care and development in Sub-Saharan Africa (Directions in Development: Human Development 42700, pp. 317-330). Washington, DC: World Bank.

An exploration of the influence of conflict situations and war on the development and well-being of young children in Angola, and an account of the outreach programs and advocacy of the Christian Children's Fund (CCF) in the country's post-conflict era

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Research Connections is supported by grant #90YE0104 from the Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation, Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The contents are solely the responsibility of the National Center for Children in Poverty and the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation, the Administration for Children and Families, or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

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