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The 2005 child care licensing study: Final report
National Association for Regulatory Administration, December 2006
Conyers, GA: National Association for Regulatory Administration.

A compilation of survey data on state child care licensing programs and policies, including staffing, monitoring, and enforcement, and child care center licensing regulations, for all 50 states and the District of Columbia in 2005

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The 2007 Child Care Licensing Study: Final report
National Child Care Information Center (U.S.), February, 2009
Lexington, KY: National Association for Regulatory Administration.

A compilation of survey data on state licensing programs and policies for child care centers and small and large family child care homes in all 50 states and the District of Columbia in 2007

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Achieving a state of healthy weight: A national assessment of obesity prevention terminology in child care regulations 2010
National Resource Center for Health and Safety in Child Care (U.S.), January, 2011
Aurora, CO: National Resource Center for Health and Safety in Child Care.

A study of the extent to which state child care regulations meet standards related to obesity prevention in the areas of infant feeding, nutrition, and physical activity

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After child care subsidies for TANF leavers: Implications for child school readiness
Weinraub, Marsha, February, 2011
Philadelphia: Temple University, Family and Children's Policy Collaborative.

A longitudinal study of the child care arrangements of children of former welfare recipients in southeastern Pennsylvania who received child care subsidies after leaving Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), based on analyses of secondary and administrative data for 157 children

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Analysis of state K-3 reading standards and assessments: Final report
United States. Department of Education. Policy and Program Studies Service, December 2005
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, Policy and Program Studies Service.

An examination of the extent to which state kindergarten through third grade (K-3) reading standards and assessments address five components essential to effective reading instruction (phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and text comprehension), based on an analysis of a stratified, random sample of states' reading standards and on the content of reading assessments in states with statewide assessments

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Announced v. unannounced licensing inspections: Survey report
National Association for Regulatory Administration, 1997
Conyers, GA: National Association for Regulatory Administration.

Results from a survey about the requirements and practices of announced and unannounced licensing inspections by child care, child welfare, drug and alcohol, adult day care, and mental health licensing professionals in 40 different states/provinces/territories

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Assessing quality across all STAR levels
Pennsylvania. Office of Child Development and Early Learning, January, 2013
(Research Brief Vol. 2, Issue 1). Harrisburg: Pennsylvania, Office of Child Development and Early Learning.

Findings from a study of the relationship of the observed quality of child care programs participating in Keystone STARS, Pennsylvania's child care quality rating system, to their STARS rating, based on data for 46 randomly-selected programs

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Barriers to subsidies: Why low-income families do not use child care subsidies
Shlay, Anne B., 2004
Social Science Research, 33(1), 134-157

An investigation into the factors responsible for non-use of child care subsidies among subsidy-eligible families, based on a survey of 196 subsidy-eligible low income African American parents in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

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Championing success: Business organizations for early childhood investments
ReadyNation, 2013
Washington, DC: ReadyNation.

A study of the early childhood policy and advocacy efforts of formal business membership organizations, based on survey responses from 104 local chambers of commerce and from 121 state business roundtables, state chambers of commerce, and city chambers of commerce

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Child-care quality rating and improvement systems in five pioneer states: Implementation issues and lessons learned
Zellman, Gail L., 2008
(MG-795-AECF/SPF/UWA). Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation.

A study of the quality rating and improvement systems (QRIS) in five early QRIS-adopting states, including descriptions of: the theory of action underlying QRISs; each state's system, including the aspects of quality included in the system; the development of each state's system; and challenges facing system designers and lessons learned from these states, all based on in-depth interviews with 4 key stakeholders in each state

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The Child Care Quality Rating System (QRS) Assessment: Child care quality rating and improvement systems: Approaches to integrating programs for young children in two states
United States. Administration for Children and Families. Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation, August, 2011
(OPRE Report 2011-28). Washington, DC: U.S. Administration for Children and Families, Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation.

An examination of the role, and how to assess the role, that state child care quality rating and improvement systems can play in early childhood care and education system integration and development, based on document reviews, administrator interviews, and two-day site visits in Indiana and Pennsylvania

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The Child Care Quality Rating System (QRS) Assessment: Defining and measuring quality: An in-depth study of five child care quality rating and improvement systems
United States. Administration for Children and Families. Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation, August, 2011
(OPRE Report 2011-29). Washington, DC: U.S. Administration for Children and Families, Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation.

An examination of aspects of child care quality rating and improvement systems related to definitions and measures of quality, including variation in definitions and measures, processes to measure each component and determine the overall level of quality, and availability of data on quality ratings, based on in-depth case studies in Miami-Dade County, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee

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Child care: Recent state policy changes affecting the availability of assistance for low-income families
United States. General Accounting Office, 2003
(GAO-03-588). Washington, DC: U.S. General Accounting Office.

An examination of state policy developments affecting the availability of child care assistance for low-income families

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Child care subsidies post TANF: Child care subsidy use by African American, White and Hispanic TANF-leavers
Shlay, Anne B., December 2010
Children and Youth Services Review, 32(12), 1711-1718

A comparison of the child care subsidy use of 658 African American, White, and Hispanic former recipients of Temporary Aid to Needy Families (TANF) from the greater Philadelphia area, based on data from a 2005 automated telephone survey

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Coaching and quality assistance in quality rating improvement systems: Approaches used by TA providers to improve quality in early care and education programs and home-based settings
Smith, Sheila, January, 2012
New York: Columbia University, National Center for Children in Poverty.

A study of the features of on-site technical assistance and coaching provided by state child care quality rating and improvement system technical assistance providers, based on interviews with 34 technical assistance providers in 17 states

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Coming together for children with disabilities: State collaboration to support quality, inclusive child care
Mezey, Jennifer, 2003
Washington, DC: Center for Law and Social Policy.

A study of state policies which would provide special education and early intervention services to low-income children with disabilities in child care programs

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A comparative enforcement study: Survey report of negative enforcement options and practices
National Association for Regulatory Administration, 1998
Conyers, GA: National Association for Regulatory Administration.

A survey of the negative enforcement practices used by regulatory agencies on adult assisted-living, child care, and child residential care licensing programs in the United States and Canada

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A comparative report on the frequency and types of human service licensing inspections: A cross-system study of assisted living, child care, developmental disabilities and child residential facilities
Kroh, Karen E., 2001
Conyers, GA: National Association for Regulatory Administration.

Results from a 2001 survey of the frequency and types of licensing inspections in 93 assisted living, special needs and residential child care facilities in the United States, the Virgin Islands and Canada

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Comparison of quality rating and improvement systems (QRIS) with Department of Defense standards for quality
National Association of Child Care Resource and Referral Agencies, August 2009
Washington, DC: National Association of Child Care Resource and Referral Agencies.

An analysis of the conformity of quality rating and improvement systems (QRIS) in 19 states with the standards of quality for child care as set by the Department of Defense

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Conceptualizations of readiness and the content of early learning standards: The intersection of policy and research?
Scott-Little, Catherine, 2006
Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 21(2), 153-173

An analysis of 46 state-level early education standards documents to investigate the specific areas of development addressed in order to determine how different states conceptualize school readiness

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A count for quality: Child care center directors on rating and improvement systems
Schulman, Karen, 2012
Washington, DC: National Women's Law Center.

A study of child care center directors' views of child care quality rating and improvement systems and their components, based on interviews with 48 directors from 9 states and a roundtable forum with 15 of the 48 directors

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The day care tangle: Unexpected outcomes when programs interact
Lewis, Gordon H., 1983
Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2(4), 531-547

A paper examining the impact of policy changes to federal and state funded child care assistance programs through a study of the Pennsylvania state child care program

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Downward slide: State child care assistance policies 2012
Schulman, Karen, 2012
Washington, DC: National Women's Law Center.

A study of changes to state child care assistance policies between February 2011 and February 2012 and between 2001 and February 2012, including changes to income eligibility limits, waiting lists, parent copayments, reimbursement rates, and assistance to parents searching for a job, based on a survey of child care administrators in each state and the District of Columbia

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Emerging trends in child care regulation
Gazan, Harold S., 1997
Conyers, GA: National Association for Regulatory Administration.

A discussion of recent trends in the regulation of child care, focusing on the increase or decrease in the amount of child care centers regulated, licensing approval waiting time, welfare reform influences on regulation, among others, based on a survey completed by 26 states and the District of Columbia

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Estimates of child care eligibility and receipt for fiscal year 2009
United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, December, 2012
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation.

An examination of children's eligibility for and receipt of federal child care subsidies under federal parameters and state-defined rules

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Research Connections is supported by grant #90YE0104 from the Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation, Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The contents are solely the responsibility of the National Center for Children in Poverty and the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation, the Administration for Children and Families, or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

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