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The 30-second effect: An experiment revealing the impact of television commercials on food preferences of preschoolers
Borzekowski, Dina L. G., 2001
Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 101(1), 42-46

A study of the influence of televised food commercials on preschool children's food preferences among a sample of 40 Head Start children in northern California

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Accelerometer measured level of physical activity indoors and outdoors during preschool time in Sweden and the United States
Raustorp, Anders, August, 2012
Journal of Physical Activity & Health, 9(6), 801-808

A comparison of young children's physical activity and sedentary behavior during indoor and outdoor time for both boys and girls in Swedish and United States settings, based on data from 50 children with an average age of 52 months, at two sites in Malmo, Sweden and two sites in Raleigh, North Carolina

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Advantages of gardening as a form of physical activity in an after-school program
Phelps, Joshua, December, 2010
Journal of Extension, 48(6), 1-7

A study of the relationship between participation in a Cooperative Extension Service after school gardening program and the self-reported physical activity levels of children, based on data from 31 children in third through fifth grade in Oklahoma

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African American preschool children's physical activity levels in Head Start
Shen, Bo, June, 2012
Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 83(2), 168-174

A description of the physical activity levels of children attending Head Start programs, and a determination of the extent to which the children's physical activity varied by age of child, gender, morning or afternoon class time, and Head Start site location, based on data from 158 4- and 5-year-old children at 6 Head Start program sites in a Midwestern metropolitan area in the United States

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The afterschool experience in Salsa, Sabor y Salud: Evaluation 2007-2008
Huang, Denise, December 2008
(CRESST Report 747). Los Angeles: University of California, Los Angeles, Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, and Student Testing.

A process and outcomes evaluation of Salsa, Sabor y Salud (SSS), a child-centered adaptation of a healthy lifestyles program for Latino families, that examined the effect of program participation on elementary school students' and program instructors' knowledge and healthy behaviors, based on survey, interview, and observational data collected in after school programs implementing SSS and matched control programs in Los Angeles and on case studies of programs in Chicago

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Association between attendance of day care centres and increased prevalence of eczema in the German birth cohort study LISAplus
Cramer, Claudia, January, 2011
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 66(1), 68-75

A comparison of the prevalence and cumulative incidence of eczema in East and West Germany and an identification of risk factors associated with eczema, which includes child care attendance, based on data from Immune System and Allergies in East and West Germany Plus the influence of traffic emissions and genetics (LISAplus) birth cohort study conducted in Germany, that includes 3,097 children up to 6 years of age

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Attitudes, concerns, and likelihood for action related to young children's overweight among early childhood program staff
Chika, Satoko, October-December 2011
Family and Community Health, 34(4), 291-300

A survey of child care staff perceptions of the appropriateness and likelihood of discussions about child overweight and obesity issues with parents, based on the questionnaire responses of a purposive national sample of 271 early childhood teachers

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Attributes of child care centers and outdoor play areas associated with preschoolers' physical activity and sedentary behavior
Sugiyama, Takemi, May, 2012
Environment and Behavior, 44(3), 334-349

An examination of the association between characteristics of child care centers and both children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior, as well as a study of the attributes of outdoor play areas associated with the same behaviors during outdoor time, based on data from 89 3- to 5-year-olds from 10 child care centers in Brisbane, Australia

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Availability of childcare support and nutritional status of children of non-working and working mothers in urban Nepal
Nakahara, Shinji, 2006
American Journal of Human Biology, 18(2), 169-181

An examination of the effects of child care and maternal employment on young children's nutritional status in urban Nepal, comparing the nutritional status of children with working mothers with those of children whose mothers did not work

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Barney and breakfast: Messages about food and eating in preschool television shows and how they may impact the development of eating behaviours in children
Anderson, Leslie Margaret, December 2010
Early Child Development and Care, 180(10), 1323-1336

An exploration of messages about food and diet in preschool television programming, based on a visual analysis of two or more episodes each of 10 randomly selected television shows from a television network that targets children aged two through five years old in Canada

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The beneficial effects of preschool attendance on adult cardiovascular disease risk
D'Onise, Katina, June, 2011
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health , 35(3), 278-283

A comparison of the adult risk factors for heart disease found among attendees and non-attendees of South Australian Kindergarten Union preschools from 1940 through 1972, based on the telephone survey responses of a sample of 1,063 individuals from the state of South Australia

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Born too soon: What can we expect?: Nature of home literacy experiences for children with very low birth weight
Ragusa, G., July, 2009
Early Child Development and Care, 179(5), 651-670

An exploration of the home literacy experiences of children born with a very low birth weight and their influence on children?s literacy development, based on observations of and interviews with 16 families of 4-year old children born with a very low birthweight

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Break for physical activity: Incorporating classroom-based physical activity breaks into preschools
Wadsworth, Danielle D., January, 2012
Early Childhood Education Journal, 39(6), 391-395

A case study of the relationship between activity breaks and physical activity levels of 18 African American preschoolers at 2 rural subsidized child care centers in the Southeastern United States

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Breast-feeding, day-care attendance and the frequency of antibiotic treatments from 1.5 to 5 years: A population-based longitudinal study in Canada
Dubois, Lise, 2005
Social Science & Medicine, 60(9), 2035-2044

An investigation using a nationally representative sample of Canadian children to examine the impact of breast feeding on children's health and its relation to child care attendance during the child's first five years using antibiotic treatments as the general measure of health

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Breastfeeding duration in relation to child care arrangement and participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children
Shim, Jae Eun, February, 2012
Journal of Human Lactation, 28(1), 28-35

An examination of associations among breastfeeding duration, child care arrangement, and participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), based on data from a nationally representative sample of 7515 infants born in 2001

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Caretakers, child care practices, and growth failure in highland Ecuador
Stansbury, James P., 2000
Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 14(2), 224-241

An examination of the relationship between sibling and peer child care and children’s physical health and development in the highlands of Ecuador

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Changes in body mass index z score over the course of the academic year among children attending Head Start
Lumeng, Julie C., May/June 2010
Academic Pediatrics, 10(3), 179-186

A study of changes in children's body mass index (BMI) over the course of enrollment in Head Start and examination of variations in BMI by gender, single-parent status, program year, race, age at initial enrollment, and family income divided by household size, from a secondary analysis of retrospective longitudinal growth of 1,914 children enrolled in a Michigan Head Start program over 2 academic years and the intervening summer

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The Child and Adult Care Food Program and the nutrition of preschoolers
Korenman, Sanders, Q2 2013
Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 28(2), 325-336

A comparison of food intake, weight, and food security in children attending child care centers that do and do not participate in the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP), with additional analyses of outcomes among low income and Head Start children, based on data from 4,050 4- year-old children from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort

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The Child and Adult Care Food Program: Who is served and what are their nutritional outcomes?
Gordon, Rachel A., July 2010
(NBER Working Paper Series No. 16148). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.

An inquiry into whether the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) reaches its targeted population, and an examination of the relationship between the food intake, weight, and food security of CACFP participants, based on data on more than 10,000 children who participated in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS-B)

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Child care and children's illness
Johansen, Anne, 1988
American Journal of Public Health, 78(9), 1175-1177

A study examining the effect of child care on children's health, using the size of the child care group as a variable in a nationally representative sample of children

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Child care and common communicable illnesses in children aged 37 to 54 months
NICHD Early Child Care Research Network, 2003
Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 157(2), 196-200

A study of the relationship between experience in child care and common communicable illnesses in children aged 37 to 54 months

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Child care and common communicable illnesses in children ages 37-54 months [Abridged]
NICHD Early Child Care Research Network, 2005
In Child care and child development: Results from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (pp. 184-190). New York: Guilford Press

A study of the relationship between children’s experience in nonmaternal care and rates of respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and ear infections from 3 to 41/2 years old in a sample of approximately 1,100 children

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Childcare and overweight or obesity over 10 years of follow-up
Geoffroy, Marie-Claude, April, 2013
Journal of Pediatrics, 162(4), 753-758.e1

Objective: To investigate the predictive association between preschool childcare arrangements and overweight/obesity in childhood. Study design: Children were enrolled in a prospective birth cohort in Quebec, Canada (n = 1649). Information about childcare obtained via questionnaires to the mothers at ages 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, and 4 years was used to compute a main childcare arrangement exposure variable (center-based/family-based/care by a relative/nanny). Body mass index was derived from measured weights and heights at ages 4, 6, 7, 8, and 10 years and children were classified as overweight/obese versus normal weight. Generalized estimating equations were used to model the effect of main childcare arrangement (center-based/family-based/relative/nanny) (vs parental care) on overweight/obesity adjusting for several potential confounding factors. Results: Compared with parental care, children who attended a center-based childcare (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.13-2.41) or were cared for by a relative (OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 0.95-2.38, although with greater uncertainty) had higher odds of being overweight/obese in childhood (4-10 years). Analyses of number of hours additionally suggested that each increment of 5 hours spent in either center-based or relative childcare increased the odds of overweight/obesity in the first decade of life by 9%. Associations were not explained by a wide range of confounding factors, including socioeconomic position, breastfeeding, maternal employment, and maternal body mass index. Conclusion: Overweight/obesity was more frequently observed in children who received non-parental care in center-based settings or care by a relative other than the parent. "Obesogeonic" features of these childcare arrangements should be investigated in future studies. (author abstract)

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Child care arrangements and repeated ear infections in young children
Hardy, Ann M., September 1993
American Journal of Public Health, 83(9), 1321-1325

An inquiry into the association between child care arrangements and the recurrence of ear infections in young children, based on a subsample of 5,818 children ages birth to six years old from the 1988 National Health Interview Survey of Child Heath

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Childcare as a stabilizing influence on HPA axis functioning: A reevaluation of maternal occupational patterns and familial relations
Chryssanthopoulou, Christina C., 2005
Developmental Psychobiology, 47(4), 354-368

An examination of the effects of maternal employment, family environment, and child care arrangements on young children's cortisol levels

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Research Connections is supported by grant #90YE0104 from the Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation, Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The contents are solely the responsibility of the National Center for Children in Poverty and the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation, the Administration for Children and Families, or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

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