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America's early childhood literacy gap
Jumpstart (Organization), September, 2009
Boston: Jumpstart.

An overview of children's early literacy development, the early literacy skills gap between children from low-income and middle-income families, and the role of early interventions in reducing the gap

Fact Sheets & Briefs


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Associations among family environment, sustained attention, and school readiness for low-income children
Razza, Rachel A., 2010
Developmental Psychology, , 1-15

A study of sustained attention as a mediator of the relationship between family environment and school readiness, based on data from 1,046 low income children, with family environment data collected at 3-years-old and both attention and school readiness data collected at 5-years of age

Reports & Papers


Becoming literate in the city: The Baltimore Early Childhood Projects
Serpell, Robert, 2005
New York: Cambridge University Press

A longitudinal study examining the literacy development of African American and European American children with low-income and middle-income backgrounds between prekindergarten and third grade

Reports & Papers


Characteristics of Sure Start local programme areas: Rounds 1 to 4: Profiles of Rounds 1 to 4 Sure Start local programme areas and a sample of Round 5, to-be-Sure Start local programme areas [Executive summary]
Sure Start (Programme), June, 2003
(Report No. 03). Nottingham, United Kingdom: Great Britain, Department for Education and Skills.

A summary of a study of the changes in the Sure Start local programs for disadvantaged children under five years of age in the United Kingdom

Executive Summary


Child care
Georgia State University. Health Policy Center, 2001
Atlanta: Georgia State University, Health Policy Center.

A discussion of Georgia policies regarding quality child care for disadvantaged children who are at risk for academic and social problems

Fact Sheets & Briefs


Child care and children of color
Spencer, Margaret B., 1995
In P. L. Chase-Lansdale & J. Brooks-Gunn (Eds.), Escape from poverty: What makes a difference for children? (pp. 138-156). New York: Cambridge University Press

A discussion of the United States Family Support Act of 1988 and the developmental impact of poverty and child care regulations on children from socioeconomically disadvantaged families

Other


Child Care Choices of Low-Income Families with Vulnerabilities
Chaudry, Ajay, 2007
Urban Institute

This project explores the ways in which low-income, vulnerable families choose child care. The goal is to identify the family characteristics and contextual factors that expand or limit child care choices. The three-year project takes place in several low-income, urban communities participating in the Annie E. Casey Foundation's Making Connections initiative. The sites are Oakland, Providence, Seattle, and Denver. The focus is on vulnerable families, including families who have children with special needs, parents who are English language learners or immigrants, parents receiving Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), and children at risk of maltreatment. The research includes a family study and a community study. The family study includes two rounds of field-based, semi-structured interviews with parents regarding their decision-making processes related to child care. The community study, which takes place between the two rounds of family interviews, includes interviews with key community members regarding the community and policy contexts that affect child care choices. The following research questions are addressed: (1) What factors influence choice of care among low-income working families in a diverse set of urban neighborhoods? How do different families with particular vulnerabilities make child care choices?; (2) How do child care choice processes of parents overall, and particularly families who have special vulnerabilities, interact with several key contextual factors (e.g., job options, local policies and programs)?; and (3) What family characteristics or contextual factors seem to particularly expand or constrain the child care choices of low-income families overall, and the lives of vulnerable families in particular? Which of these seem amenable to policy strategies to support choices for low-income working families, and what should these strategies be?

Administration for Children and Families/OPRE Projects


Child care essential ingredient for sustained, full-time work for welfare recipients
Speiglman, Richard, 2004
Oakland, CA: Public Health Institute.

A brief emphasizing the need for child care among low income families departing welfare-to-work programs, based upon findings from the Alameda County CalWORKs Needs Assessment and Outcomes Study.

Fact Sheets & Briefs


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Child care for children in poverty: Opportunity or inequality?
Phillips, Deborah A., 1991
Child Development, 65(1), 472-492

A study of child care quality in child care centers serving children from low-income families, its relationship to type of center-based programming, and its comparability to child care quality in centers serving upper- and middle-income families, based on data from the nationally representative Profile of Child Care Settings study and the National Child Care Staffing Study, which collected observational data on child care quality in 227 child care centers in five cities

Reports & Papers


Demonstration programs: Model programs that document positive outcomes for children from low-income neighborhoods
Barnard, Wendy, 2002
In C. J. Groark, K. E. Mehaffie, R. B. McCall, M. T. Greenberg, & Universities Children's Policy Collaborative (Eds.), From science to policy: Research on issues, programs and policies in early care and education. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Governor's Task Force on Early Childhood Education. (No longer accessible as of October 11, 2012).

A summary of the social, cognitive and academic impacts of comprehensive early education programs for preschool-aged children from socioeconomically disadvantaged families

Other


Do no harm: Under-funding child care hurts kids
Oliveira, Peg, 2006
New Haven: Connecticut Voices for Children.

A discussion of barriers to quality child care access for low-income families in Connecticut

Fact Sheets & Briefs


Early Childhood Education and Assistance Program: An investment in children and families: Year 8 longitudinal study report
Washington (State). Department of Community, Trade, and Economic Development, 1999
Olympia: Washington State, Department of Community, Trade and Economic Development.

Findings from Year 8 of the Early Childhood Education and Assistance Program (ECEAP) longitudinal study, based on a sample of 984 children who participated in ECEAP and whose families receive public assistance

Reports & Papers


Early language and literacy skills in low-income African American and Hispanic children
Vernon-Feagans, Lynne, 2001
In S. B. Neuman & D. K. Dickinson (Eds.), Handbook of early literacy research (Vol. 1, pp. 192-210). New York: Guilford Press

A discussion of the influences of multiple risk and protective factors in low income African American and Hispanic children in delaying early literacy skills

Other


The economic environment of childhood
Duncan, Greg, 1992
In A.C. Huston (Ed.), Children in poverty: Child development and public policy (pp. 23-50). New York: Cambridge University Press

A summary of the economic environment of childhood with special emphasis on trends in the average level of family economic resources available to poverty children

Other


Effective partnering for school change: Improving early childhood education in urban classrooms
Chen, Jie-Qi, 2004
New York: Teachers College Press

A description of the Schools Project, a partnership between the Erikson Institute and nine Chicago public elementary schools created to improve the learning environments of low income children

Reports & Papers


The effects of developmentally appropriate preschool experience on at-risk children's logical-mathematical skills
Moon, Chunghee, 1998
Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale

A study of the effects of developmentally appropriate high-quality preschool providing hands-on activities and a play-based curriculum on the logical-mathematical skills of at-risk children, with a control group of 160 children and a treatment group of 106 children between the ages of four and five

Reports & Papers


Effects of an emergent literacy intervention for children with language impairments from low-income environments
Ziolkowski, Robyn A., 2004
Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Florida State University, Tallahassee

An examination of the effectiveness of an emergent phonological and print awareness intervention conducted three times a week during shared book reading sessions with low income preschool children with and without language impairments

Reports & Papers


Ensuring a fair start for all children: The case of Brazil
Young, Mary Eming, 2002
In M. Young (Ed.), From early child development to human development: Investing in our children's future (pp. 123-142). Washington, DC: World Bank

An examination of the return on investments in early child development focusing on poor children from several well known U.S. interventions and data from Brazil

Other


Environmental supports for language acquisition
Hoff, Erika, 2006
In D. K. Dickinson & S. B. Neuman (Eds.), Handbook of early literacy research (Vol. 2, pp. 163-172). New York: Guilford Press

An analysis of the relation between children's early experiences with oral language acquisition in the home environment and their language skills at school entrance age, including the influence of socioeconomic status

Reports & Papers


Examining the contribution of temperament and motivation characteristics to attention regulation in preschoolers from Head Start
Chang, Florence, 2002
Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY

An analysis of how individual children's temperament and motivation affect their attention abilities using a sample from a Head Start center

Reports & Papers


An experimental evaluation of an intervention to stimulate written language awareness in preschool children from low-income households
Justice, Laura M., 2000
Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Ohio University, Athens

An inquiry into the relationship between hearing a book being read and the development of literacy skills, based on a sample of 30 children aged 2- to 5- years old enrolled in a Head Start program

Reports & Papers


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Family-centered Head Start for infants and toddlers: A renewed direction for Project Head Start
Pizzo, Peggy, 1990
Young Children, 45(6), 30-35

A discussion of expanding the Head Start program in a family-centered direction to address the needs of economically disadvantaged children between the ages of infancy and three years-old

Reports & Papers


Family Focus for School Success: An early intervention program in Redwood City
Espinosa, Linda M., 1993
Thrust for Educational Leadership, 23, 12-15

A discussion of the Family Focus for School Success program, which helps at-risk students adjust to school, endeavors to enhance the achievement of children from disadvantaged home environments, and seeks to improve the social and emotional competence of targeted children and parents

Other


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Fighting poverty: Attentive policy can make a huge difference
Smeeding, Timothy M., March 2010
Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 29(2), 401-407

A discussion of child poverty trends in the United Kingdom and the United States from 1989-2008 and related poverty policies thought to be responsible for those trends

Other


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Head Start: A story of need
McCarthy, Colman, 1985
Young Children, 40(6), 67

A discussion of the Head Start program's operation in the rural community of Rawlins, Wyoming

Fact Sheets & Briefs


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Research Connections is supported by grant #90YE0104 from the Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation, Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The contents are solely the responsibility of the National Center for Children in Poverty and the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation, the Administration for Children and Families, or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

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