Researchers should look at this research agenda as a guide for the next generation of research questions about the field of summer learning. We know that summer learning loss occurs, for whom, and that it can be mitigated through structured academic programs. As the summer opportunity field expands to include many more types of programs and settings, issues of quality, access, and outcomes grow more complex. We need more nuanced answers about who benefits from different types of programs, and under what conditions programs and youth will thrive in the summer. (author abstract)