This paper presents two studies of the effects of a home-based math intervention with Head Start families. We focus on the home because young children are exposed at home to opportunities to acquire math skills even before formal schooling. We focus on low-income families because, as noted above, these children often begin school with more limited math skills than their higher-income peers. An effective home math intervention could have important implications for closing group-based gaps in young children's current and future math skills. In what follows, we briefly review children's early math skills. We then discuss children's math home learning environments and attempts to improve their early math skills. (author abstract)