This brief compares the development and early home environment of Latino boys to those of two peer groups--white boys and Latina girls--from birth to kindergarten entry. We chose these two comparisons to understand how Latino boys' early development differs across ethnicity (compared to white boys, holding gender constant) and across gender (compared to Latina girls, holding ethnicity constant). Our focus is on the early childhood period because this is a time when children develop the foundational cognitive, language, and socio-emotional skills they need for formal schooling and for later life success, and because home and family experiences during this early period tend to have long-lasting effects on children. Understanding the nature of differences in development and early home environment can inspire interventions that would help Latino boys thrive. (author abstract)