This chapter has tried to do several things. First, analytically, it advanced a thesis that repositions early childhood governance as important, interesting, and infinitely changing, rather than as the boring, immovable elephant whose presence looms large but is ignored. Second and conceptually, it offered a new theory of change, suggesting three concrete systemic outputs (equity, quality, and sustainability). Third and practically, the chapter addressed operational aspects of governance by examining critical implementation and evaluation challenges. (author abstract)