In this article, we present systematic monitoring methods (i.e., organized procedures for regularly obtaining individual child-level data) for young children's social-emotional competencies and challenging behaviors that can be incorporated into natural daily routines. We begin with a discussion of key points for systematic monitoring. Next, we review five systematic monitoring methods appropriate for documenting young children's social-emotional skills and challenging behaviors during daily classroom routines: momentary time sampling, partial-interval sampling, whole interval sampling, duration, and latency. (author abstract)