The goal of this report is to clarify how stress may impact the development of self-regulation. We will first operationalize stress and self-regulation as they are relevant to our empirical literature review, drawing from research across several scientific disciplines. Then we will discuss different perspectives of how stress and self-regulation interact and influence each other. From this foundation, we will identify important questions in the literature that we attempt to address with a methodical and comprehensive empirical review of human and nonhuman studies of stress and self-regulation. Following a summary of key findings, our report concludes with limitations of the current literature in this area and implications for interventions, the topic of the next report in this series. (author abstract)