The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in children's social skills after their participation in a physical education programme named ESPEC ('Early Steps' Physical Education Curriculum). The evaluators of the children's social skills were the trained educators who implemented the curriculum as well as parents of the participating children. This study was conducted in three European countries and was part of a European transnational project. The participants were 286 preschoolers from Cyprus, Greece and Italy. Twelve educators and 286 parents completed the 'Social Behaviour Instrument' (SBI) before and after the implementation of the ESPEC. This four months' physical education curriculum was designed for preschool-aged children and it included 24 lesson units. The results showed an improvement in children's social skills after ESPEC implementation in all three countries. It can be concluded that the implementation of physical education activities for preschool-aged children can be a way to improve preschoolers' social skills. (author abstract)